Definitions for grand unified theory
grand uni·fied the·o·ry

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1. Grand Unified Theory

   A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which, at high energies, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model comprising the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces are merged into a single force. Although this unified force has not been directly observed, many GUT models theorize its existence. If unification of these three interactions is possible, it raises the possibility that there was a grand unification epoch in the very early universe in which these three fundamental interactions were not yet distinct. Experiments have confirmed that at high energy the electromagnetic interaction and weak interaction unify into a single combined electroweak interaction. GUT models predict that at even higher energy, the strong interaction and the electroweak interaction will unify into one electronuclear interaction. This interaction is characterized by one larger gauge symmetry and thus several force carriers, but one unified coupling constant. Unifying gravity with the electronuclear interaction would provide a more comprehensive theory of everything (TOE) rather than a Grand Unified Theory. Thus, GUTs are often seen as an intermediate step towards a TOE. The novel particles predicted by GUT models are expected to have extremely high masses—around the GUT scale of 10 16 {\displaystyle 10^{16}} GeV (just three orders of magnitude below the Planck scale of 10 19 {\displaystyle 10^{19}} GeV)—and so are well beyond the reach of any foreseen particle hadron collider experiments. Therefore, the particles predicted by GUT models will be unable to be observed directly, and instead the effects of grand unification might be detected through indirect observations such as proton decay, electric dipole moments of elementary particles, or the properties of neutrinos. Some GUTs, such as the Pati–Salam model, predict the existence of magnetic monopoles. While GUTs might be expected to offer simplicity over the complications present in the Standard Model, realistic models remain complicated because they need to introduce additional fields and interactions, or even additional dimensions of space, in order to reproduce observed fermion masses and mixing angles. This difficulty, in turn, may be related to an existence of family symmetries beyond the conventional GUT models. Due to this, and the lack of any observed effect of grand unification so far, there is no generally accepted GUT model. Models that do not unify the three interactions using one simple group as the gauge symmetry, but do so using semisimple groups, can exhibit similar properties and are sometimes referred to as Grand Unified Theories as well.

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1. Grand Unified Theory

   A Grand Unified Theory is a model in particle physics in which at high energy, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, are merged into one single interaction characterized by one larger gauge symmetry and thus one unified coupling constant. In contrast, the experimentally supported Standard Model of particle physics is based on three independent interactions, symmetries and coupling constants. Models that do not unify all interactions using one simple Lie group as the gauge symmetry, but do so using semisimple groups, can exhibit similar properties and are sometimes referred to as Grand Unified Theories as well. Unifying gravity with the other three interactions would provide a theory of everything, rather than a GUT. Nevertheless, GUTs are often seen as an intermediate step towards a TOE. The new particles predicted by models of grand unification cannot be observed directly at particle colliders because their masses are expected to be of the order of the so-called GUT scale, which is predicted to be just a few orders of magnitude below the Planck scale and thus far beyond the reach of currently foreseen collision experiments. Instead, effects of grand unification might be detected through indirect observations such as proton decay, electric dipole moments of elementary particles, or the properties of neutrinos. Some grand unified theories predict the existence of magnetic monopoles.

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1. Grand Unified Theory

   Grand Unification Theory of forces; or, simply, Grand Unified Theory. The term above also connotes and is related to Theory of Everything as applied in the academic research & studies, including academic lectures in both undergraduate & graduate studies & lectures in the Universities world wide

   
   

   Submitted by rinat on March 29, 2020  

How to pronounce grand unified theory?

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How to say grand unified theory in sign language?

Numerology

1. Chaldean Numerology

   The numerical value of grand unified theory in Chaldean Numerology is: 6

2. Pythagorean Numerology

   The numerical value of grand unified theory in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5

References

1. ^ Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory
2. ^ Wikidata
   https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=grand unified theory